The Reason for 'Correctness'

• While it is true that there is no absolute morality or ethics, there is still a reason to engage in ethical discussions.
  • Even if we cannot come to a definitive conclusion, there is value in deepening the discussion.
    • It is possible that two different claims may have a common underlying foundation.
    • Both claims may be valid.
  • Engaging in the process of understanding the opposing views, organizing our own arguments, and trying to understand the relationship and structure of these arguments is valuable.
    • Ah, I agree with this (blu3mo).
    • This humility of not believing in a single absolute morality is also important, as mentioned in Baji Seminar Essay 1S Semester.
• Deontological Ethics
  • Well, it seems like they are just using terms like “a priori” and “reason” to justify their position without truly understanding it (blu3mo).
  • But well, it’s not necessarily the same as something like hedonism to determine what is good.
    • It is necessary to determine that in order to take an ethical stance.
• Utilitarianism
  • Bentham’s approach seems quite strict, doesn’t it?
  • Mill focuses on qualitative pleasure.
    • Based on this, if there is no harm to others, one can experiment and discover higher quality pleasures by having more freedom to do various things.
      • This is quite fitting, it’s similar to what I want to discuss in Living in a Way that Clears the Fog of the World.
    • Criticism: The definition of quality is culturally dependent on the elite.
  • Rule-utilitarianism
    • Is it not considering pleasure that is common to all humanity?
      • It seems that each person has their own preferences.
    • Even if those preferences (such as abstinence) do not maximize pleasure, there is value in fulfilling those preferences or desires.
    • Maybe this applies to democracy as well.
    • Criticism against this can be countered by considering a pluralistic reality.
      • External considerations cease to be external and therefore not a problem.
      • This is a strong argument.

  • If we assume utilitarianism, we should also consider its drawbacks.

  • If we interpret utilitarianism as hedonistic utilitarianism, which states that “pleasure should be maximized,” it can be seen as encompassed by deontological ethics.
  • If we consider virtue and preferences as the same thing, it can be seen as encompassed by virtue ethics.
• Virtue Ethics
  • It feels similar to the discussion in I Want to Consider and Pursue the Fundamental Evaluation Function of Life.
    • It seems to suggest that there is a fixed evaluation function that we should follow.
    • This evaluation function is determined historically and culturally, and it varies for each individual.
• There Is No Absolute Morality／Norm／Ethics states that it is important to delve into the reasons when providing solutions to practical problems, and the accumulation of these theories and knowledge supports that.