The Lunar Society of Birmingham was an informal social group formed by prominent scholars, natural philosophers, business leaders, inventors, chemists, and writers in the Midlands region centered around Birmingham. The society held regular meetings at Soho House in Birmingham from 1765 to 1813. Originally known as the Lunar Circle, it officially became the Lunar Society in 1775.
During the Industrial Revolution, Birmingham was one of the key locations where members of this society actively exchanged research, experiments, findings, knowledge, and experiences in various fields such as science, technology, manufacturing, business management, public works, and education. The society made significant contributions to the region’s development. However, some scholars criticize the “Lunar Society myth” that equates the society’s activities with the intellectual and economic growth in the Midlands during the 18th century due to the lack of clear membership rules. Conversely, there are viewpoints acknowledging the society’s contribution to regional progress and finding significance in its organizational role.
Robinson (1962-3) argued that the Lunar Society was perhaps the most important philosophical organization in any local area because it extended beyond being merely local. Connected to leading figures in science in Europe and America, such as Bolton, Watt, and Small who were part of Soho, the society attracted individuals from various backgrounds. It was noted that the society’s essential sociability lay in the fact that anyone could be invited to its meetings.
- These gatherings have a tangible impact on society in a reproducible manner.